Human Cancer Biology RRM2 Regulates Bcl-2 in Head and Neck and Lung Cancers: A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy

Purpose: Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) plays an active role in tumor progression. Recently, we reported that depletion of RRM2 by systemic delivery of a nanoparticle carrying RRM2-specific siRNA suppresses head and neck tumor growth. The aimof this study is to clarify the underlyingmechanism by which RRM2 depletion inhibits tumor growth. Experimental Design: siRNA-mediated gene silencing was carried out to downregulate RRM2. Immunoblotting, reverse-transcriptase PCR, confocal microscopy, tissue fractionation, gene overexpression and knockdown were employed to analyze critical apoptosis signaling. Conventional immunohistochemistry and quantum dot-based immunofluorescence were applied to detect RRM2 and Bcl2 expression and localization in tissue samples from patients and mice. Results: Knockdown of RRM2 led to apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. We showed that Bcl-2 is a key determinant controlling apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo, and that RRM2 depletion significantly reduces Bcl-2 protein expression. We observed that RRM2 regulates Bcl-2 protein stability, with RRM2 suppression leading to increased Bcl-2 degradation, and identified their colocalization in HNSCC and NSCLC cells. In a total of 50 specimens each from patients with HNSCC and NSCLC, we identified the colocalization of Bcl-2 and RRM2 and found a significant positive correlation between their expression in HNSCC (R 1⁄4 0.98; P < 0.0001) and NSCLC (R 1⁄4 0.92; P < 0.0001) tumor